defeat meant that civil rights were withdrawn outside of France , but hope had been strengthened throughout Europe and the struggle for civil rights was resumed with renewed vigor in Germany and Austria .
Notes
1. This included sixteen from Italy who were appointed too late to attend the initial meeting and others from Germany . Many members were business men who could only attend sporadically. Some writers have confused the numbers by mixing those who attended the Assembly and the later Sanhedrin. The total numbers are given differently by various historians, so Franz Kobler , Napoleon and the Jews , New York , 1976, p. 139 who mentions 111 delegates. Martin Philippson , Neueste Geschichte des Juedischen Volkes, Leipzig , 1907, Vol. 1, p. 17, writes that the Sanhedrin consisted of 71 including 46 rabbis and 25 lay individuals. Tama lists the lay members as well as 15 rabbis: Rabbi Samuel Cracovia(Venice), Rabbi Abraham Andrate(St. Espirit), Rabbi Jaques Carmy(Reggio), Rabbi Abraham Cologna(Mincio), Rabbi Bonaventura(Modena), Rabbi Grazziadio Napi(Ferrara), Rabbi Zinsheimer(Strasbourg ), Rabbi Jaques Meyer(N iederhuheim), Rabbi Hirsch Lazare(Haguenau ), Rabbi Jacob Brunswick(Upper Rhine ), Rabbi Solomon (Colmar ), Rabbi Emmanuel Deutz (Coblenz ), Rabbi Lattes Elie Aaron(Savigliano), Rabbi Segre(Verceil), Rabbi Calman(Beischem), Rabbi David (Hegenheim ). David Sintzheim was the most prominent. M. Diogene Tama(tr.) The Transactions of the Parisian Sanhedrin or Acts of the Assembly of Israelitisch Deputies of France and Italy, , London 1807, pp. 108 ff. See also Alexander Bran, Gesammelte Aktenstiicke und offentliche Verhandlungen iiber die Verbesserung der Juden in Frankreich , Hamburg1807 and note the difference in the title of the English version which simply refers to the transactions of the Assembly while the German title emphasizes the improvement of the French Jews .
There were linguistic problems as many members knew only German or Italian and some of the French only French . Everything, therefore had to be translated into German and Italian . The chairman, Abraham F urnado, was fluent in French as were others of the Portuguese delegation. A commission of twelve was soon appointed to prepare responses to the questions; among them were three rabbis,