17. Philippson, vo. 1, p. 9.
18. Schwarzfuchs, pp. 23 ff. The existence of such documents has not been questioned, but whether the documents here quoted are authentic continues to be debated.
19. Kobler, pp. 55-57 and pp. 59-60. 20. Kobler,, p. 82.
22. Kolber, p. 133.
24. Maslin, pp. 26 ff pp. 65 ff. The oath of office of the rabbis made them part of the government; it demanded absolute loyalty to the Emperor and required that any disloyal behavior be reported. How this was carried out has been described on p. 99 ff The rabbis were also called upon to enforce the laws which imposed family names on the Jewish population(Maslin p. 89). The consistoires were also forced to deal with Jewish beggars in a specific way, pp. 78 ff., 108 ff. In addition there were constant efforts to encourage Jews into professions, see pp. 76 1..93 41,102 ff.
25.“When we consider that the Jewish population of France and Italy is not calculated, by the deputies themselves, at more than one hundred thousand souls, (a small number indeed when compared with the population of those countries. We are at a loss to see what great advantage could immediately result to Bonaparte from the Jews embracing zealously the profession of arms. We well know that his gigantic plans of ambitions rest on the laws of conscription; but the Jews already liable to them.” F.D. Kirwan.“Preface,” The Transactions of the Parisian Sanhedrin or Acts of the Assembly of Israelitisch Deuties of France and Italy, , M. Diogene Tama tr.), p. vii.
26. Maslin p. 9. The defense of France was pointed out as important in early instructions to Champagny. Maslin provides some statistic about an increase in Jewish enlistments on p. 69. The folklore about contact between French Jewish soldiers and Easter Europan Jews suggests a greater number. We should note that