34 Amy Scheinerman

lashon hara because a waiting period reduces the urgency and pleasure of sending or forwarding something that is inappropriate; and(2) ask someone you trust to read and vet what you are considering sending to others. 27. Moses Maimonides , Mishneh

Torah, Hilkhot Deot 7:1.

28. Maimonides quotes this passage from Arakhin 15b in Hilkhot Deot 7:4. See Appendix A. Ibid. 7:6. See Appendix A.

29. Ibid. 7:6. See Appendix A.

30. Chofetz Chaim , Shmirat haLashon, Hilkhot Esurei Rechilut 9:1. The safeguards that follow are from the same citation.

31.In this regard, halakhah comes to a different conclusion than U.S. law, which does not provide protections for public personages as it does for private individuals.

32. Ibid. 7:4.

33. Attributed to Rabbi Israel Salanter (1810-1883), founder of the Musar Movement.

34. Bereishit Rabbah 98:23. 35. Midrash Tehillim 120, ed. Buber , p. 503. 36. Psalm 34:13-14.

37. Rambam quoting Arakhim 16b and Midrash Tanhuma, Parashat Metzora.