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The internet revolution and Jewish law / edited by Walter Jacob
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Reform point of view. We engage in many similar acts of creation and using PA systems is just one of them. There is no reason to be stricter with webcams than other similar

systems.

As an aside, itis worth noting that Orthodox Judaism was not always united in its opposition to electrical amplification on Shabbat . Arguments Were made that a sound system can be viewed like electric light, and could be used, if not turned on or otherwise adjusted once Shabbat began. if turned on before Shabbat , whether manually or through a timer, some Synagogues allowed it. Indeed, several Orthodox * synagogues used microphones on Shabbat , well into the mid-.twentieth century.

Why is that no longer the case? Some who believe that, at least this is partially a reaction to Reform and Conservative Judaism leniency.~~ However, it's also important to note that there were other halakhic reasons besides hukat reformim to forbid microphone usage, and some Orthodox deciders directly refute this idea. Whatever the motivation, clearly at one point, some halakhic authorities permitted the use of microphones on Shabbat . Currently, essentially none do. For those within our movement who try to keep electrical use to a minimum on Shabbat , it is worth noting that there has always been a mekeel position.

Photography and Videography

Long before livestreaming, synagogues had to face the question of recording services. Photography and videography are not new, and their appropriateness at Shabbat services has regularly been debated as has another older technology, very