61. Yad, Sh’khenim 2:14 and Shulchan Arukh Choshen Mishpat 157:1, based upon B. Bava Batra 2a-3a.
62. Yad, Sh'khenim 5:6 and Shulchan Arukh Choshen Mishpat 154:3, from M. Bava Batra 3:7 and B. Bava Batra 59b-60a.
63. B. Bava Batra 60a, on Numbers 24:2ff. See also Targum Yonatan to Numbers 24:2
64. Chidushei HaRambam, Bava Batra 59a.
65 Resp. Rashba 2:268. See also Resp. Rashba 4:325, concerning a householder sued for damages resulting from overlooking. The householder responded that, inasmuch as he bought the house from a non-Jew and as non-Jews are not held liable to the rules of hezek r'iyah, he, too, should be immune to the lawsuit. Rashba rejected this defense:“If Gentiles are not strict about hezek r’iyah, Jews are indeed strict about it, for they consider it a worthy quality to be modest(¢z nu'in).”
66. R. Menachem Hameiri, Beit Habechirah, Bava Batra 2a.
67. The issue is discussed in Shlomo Daikhovsky,“Ha’azanat Seter,” Techumin 11 (1991), p. 2994.
68. The takanah is cited by the 13th-century R. Meir of Rothenburg in his Responsa (ed. Prague ), no. 1022. See also Sefer HaKolbo, ch. 116, which cites the takanah but omits the exception concerning the discarded letter.
69. Resp. Chik kei Lev, v. 1, Yoreh De ah, no. 49.
70. B. Chulin 94a; Yad, De ot 2:6, Mekhirah 18:1; Shulchan Arukh Choshen Mishpat 228:1.
72. For a comprehensive treatment, see the article by Amy Scheinerman in this volume,:
73. From rigul,“spying” or“espionage,” which Rashi relates to rakhil. The “others” include Rambam , Yad, De ot 7:1 and Sefer HaChinukh, mitzvah 236.
74. Yad, De ot 7: 1ff. Other acts of speech, while not falling under the definition of the Toraitic“gossip” or“slander,” are nonetheless forbidden as avak lashon hara, a secondary level of the prohibition. For example, one is forbidden even to say things in praise of another, lest that praise cause the other’s enemies to speak