21. Menachem Elon , Herut hap rat b’darkhei g’vi'athov bamishpat ha ivri Jerusalem” Magnes, 1964), p. xiii, cited by Englard(note 118, above), p. 51.
. Englard(note 118, above), p. 53. 3. See especially the response by Menachem Elon in the Jackson volume(note
17, above), pp. 66-111, a translation of the original Hebrew article appearing in Mishpatim 8(1976-1977), pp. 99-137.
24. Rakover(note 57, above), p. 13, as well as Rakover, note 86, above. His volume on privacy was a direct outgrowth of his involvement with the Israeli legal system; see note 76, above.
125. Jackson(note 83, above), p. 138. Hart himself came eventually to espouse a theory of“soft” or“inclusive” positivism,“which permits the identification of the law to depend on controversial matters of conformity with moral or other value judgments”; Hart(1994; note 115, above), p. 251. For more on“inclusive positivism” see Jules Coleman ,“Incorporation, Conventionality, and the Practical Difference Thesis,” in Jules Coleman , ed., Hart's Postscript(Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2000), pp. 99-148, and W. Waluchow , Inclusive Legal Positivism (Oxford : Clarendon Press , 1994). The opposing viewpoint, termed“exclusive positivism,” holds that“legal validity is exhausted by reference to the conventional sources of law,” that is, to rules validated by the system’s ultimate rule of recognition; see Andrei Marmor , Positive Law and Objective Values(Oxford : Clarendon Press , 2001), p. 49. This approach, obviously, is more congenial to Englard’s point of view.
126. For a strong statement of this view see Shalom Albeck’s introduction to his Dinei mamonot batalmud(Tel Aviv : Dvir, 1976), pp., 13-31, translated in Jackson (note 118, above), pp. 1-20. That law should embody the characteristic of coherence is an element of Ronald Dworkin ’s conception of“law as integrity”; Dworkin, Law’s Empire(note 114, above), p. 211. This, of course, presumes that law is hecessarily coherent, a presumption challenged by Andrei Marmor (note 1285, above), p. 70.
127. For general discussion see my“The Woodchopper Revisited: On Analogy, Halakhah , and Jewish Bioethics,” in Walter Jacob , ed., Medical Frontiers and Jewish Law(Pittsburgh : Solomon B. Freehof Institute of Progressive Halakhah,
246:0 1 5); p p y 1 di 2680,
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hitp://huc.edu/sites/default/files/people/washofsky The%20W oodchopper%20Re visited. pdf(accessed January 14, 2014). Let one example suffice to illustrate the Phenomenon here. In B. Bava Batra 47b-48a, the Talmud seeks a theory to explain Rav Huna ’s statement that a coerced sale of property is legally valid. How does Such a transaction not violate the laws general provision that the seller must freely