Against Poverty- From the Torah to Secular Judaism 43
tzedakah. As the pattern of our well-being changes, and it surely will, it will be our task to continue to emphasize the mitzvah of tzedakah that has been so important to Judaism through the millennia.
Notes
I. Charles R. Wihittaker,“Der Arme,” in Andrea Giardina , Der Mensch der romischen Antike(Frankfurt a. M. Magnus Verlag, 2004), p. 315.
2. Ibid., 305 ff. 3. Oded Borowski, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel(Winona Lake, Eisenbrauns, 1987).
4. Kupah could refer to the general communal treasury and was often designated as kupah shel tzedakah. Tamhui means basket.
5. S. Kawior“On Obligations of Charity,” Hadarom 41: pp. 87 ff. 6. Meil Tzedakah, 1704.
7. Sefer Hassidim, ed. Jacob Freiman(1924). Abraham Cronbach ,“Social Thinking in the Sefer Hasidim,” Hebrew Union College Annual(Cincinnati , Hebrew Union College Press , 1949).
8. Ibid, 27 ff.
9. Abraham Cronbach discussed the degrees of giving of these two scholars and Moses of Coucy in“Gradations of Benevolence,” Hebrew Union College Annual (Cincinnati : HUC Press, 1941), pp. 163 ff.
11. Rudolf Glanz, Geschichte des nieder jiidischen Volkes in Deutschland . Eine Studie iiber historisches Gaunertum, Bettelwesen und Vagantentum(New York , 1968), pp. 128 ff. Yacov Guggenheim,“Von Schalantjude zu den Betteljuden. Judische Armut in Mitteleuropa in der Frithen Neuzeit,” Stefi Jersch-Wenzel , Juden und Armut in Mittel-und Osteuropa(Cologne, Bohlau Verlag, 2000), pp 55 ff