possession, even if it was normally ritually forbidden(Hul 17a).
13. Even a brief review of the boundaries presented in the various biblical books reveals enormous discrepancies. During my studies for the rabbinate at the Hebrew Union College I was almost tempted by a prize essays which demanded that these boundaries be investigated. A brief exploratory view of the topic revealed its complexity and I did not proceed further.
14. Mishneh Torah, Hil. Melakhim Umilhamoteihem 4. 5. 6.
15. For royal as well as judiciary expanded and emergency powers see Hil. Melakhim 3:8-10; Hil. Mamrim 2:4 f.
16. Orah Hayyim, Hilkhot Shabbat 249.
17. Bet Yosef(Karo) and Bayit Hadash(Sirkes)to Orah Hayyim 249.
18. Letter of Aristeas 13 stated that 30,000 Jews transported to Egypt “were armed and settled as garrisons in the country districts.” He continued that earlier others had helped Psammetichus II(595 B.C.E.) against the Ethiopians.
19. Milei D’avut Hoshen Mishpat 4.
20. Yitzhak Baer , 4 History of the Jews in Christian Spain, Philadelphia , 1961, Vol. 1,pp. 59 1., 114, 175,359, 368, 397.
21. Ibid., p. 389.
22. Marcus , Op. Cit., p. 297.
23. Solomon bar Samson(1140) cited by Jacob R. Marcus , Op. Cit, p.. 1183. 24. Benjamin of Tudela , quotes in Marcus , Op. Cit. p. 248.
25. A summary acount may be found in Max L. Margolis and Alexander Marx , 4 History of the Jewish People, Philadelphia , 1953, pp. 359 ff. Fora summary of the better known sources, see the notes in H. Graetz , Geschichte der Juden, Leipzig , 1861, Vol. 6, pp. 424-434 and Jacob R. Marcus , The Jew in the Medieval World A Source Book, Cincinnati , 1938, pp. 115-120.