MARK WASHOFSKY

76. Hart 's term for"realists"; Concept of Law, pp. 132 ff.

77. Roscoe Pound ,"Mechanical Jurisprudence," Columbia Law Review, Vol. 8, 1908, pp. 605-623. 78. G. Edward White , The American Judicial Tradition, New York , 1976, pp. 196-198.

79. Hart , The Concept of Law, pp. 120 ff.

80. Frederick Schauer ,"Easy Cases," Southern California Law Review, Vol. 58, 1985, pp. 399-440; Ken Kress,"Legal Indeterminacy, " California Law Review, Vol. 77, 1989, pp. 283-327.

81. See Benjamin Cardozo , The Nature of the Judicial Process, New Haven , 1921; Henry M. Hart, Jr.

, and Albert Sacks, The Legal Process: Basic Problems in the Making and Application of Law, Cambridge , MA , tentative edition, 1958;(on the doctrine of"process jurisprudence", which stressed, contra the realists, the institutional limitations upon judges, see G. Edward White ,"The Evolution of Reasoned Elaboration," Virginia Law Review, Vol. 59, pp. 2791f.; Owen Fiss ,"Objectivity and Interpretation," Stanford Law Review, Vol. 34, 1982, pp. 739-763, and"Conventionalism, " Southern California Law Review, Vol. 58, 1985, pp. 177-197.

82. Herbert Wechsler ,"Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law," Harvard Law Review, Vol. 73, 1959, pp. 1-35.

83. Melvin Eisenberg , The Nature of the Common Law, Cambridge , MA , 1988.

84. Ronald Dworkin , Law's Empire, Cambridge , MA , 1986; A Matter of Principle, Cambridge , MA , 1985; and Taking Rights Seriously, Cambridge , MA , 1977.

85. See the discussion by Robin West,"Disciplines, Subjectivity, and Law," in A. Sarat and T. Kearns, The Fate of Law, Ann Arbor , 1991, pp. 119ff. and the literature she cites.

86. See many of the collected essays in Marshall Cohen, ed., Ronald Dworkin and Contemporary Jurisprudence, London , 1983; Ken Kress,"The Interpretive Tum," Ethics, vol. 97, 1987, pp. 834-860; H.L.A. Hart , Essays in Jurisprudence and Philosophy, Oxford, 1983, pp. 137-144; Kent Greenawalt , Law and Objectivity, New York , 1992, pp. 217ff.; Aharon Barak , Judicial Discretion, New Haven , 1987, pp. 28-33.

87. Posner , Problems of Jurisprudence, pp. 21-23; Richard Rorty ,"The Banality of Pragmatism and the Poetry of Justice," Southern California Law Review, Vol. 63, 1990, pp. 1811ff.

88. See the essays collected in Alan Hunt, ed., Reading Dworkin Critically, New York , 1992.

89. On the movement in general, see Mark Kelman , A Guide to Critical Legal Studies, Cambridge , MA , 1987, David Kairys , ed., The Politics of Law, New York , 1982; and Roberto Mangabeira Unger , The Critical Legal Studies Movement, Cambridge , MA , 1986. On the issues of legal formalism and

85