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Only in America : the open society and Jewish law / edited by Walter Jacob in association with Moshe Zemer
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82 Walter Jacob

FRANFURT-ON-THE MAIN CONFERENCE July 15-28, 1845

FRANKFURT a.M.- J. Auerbach, BIRKENFELD- Einhorn

DRESDEN- Frankel MARBURG- Gosen BUCHAU- Gueldenstein| FRANKFORT- Jost ALT-BREISACH- Reiss BURGKUNSTADT- Stein| WIESBADEN -: Suesskind WEIBURG- Treuenfels MANNHEIM- Wagner OLDENBURG- Wechsler FRANKFURT a.M..- Leopold Stein(as President of| the Conference)

BRESLAU CONFERENCE July 13-24, 1846

WORMS- A. Adler ALZEY- S. Adler, FRANKFURT a.M.- J. Auerbach COBLENZ-: Ben Israel BIRKENFELD- Einhorn OFFENBACH- Formstecher BRESLAU- Geiger(who was president of the conference) WAREN- Goldstein MARBURG- Gosen BUCHAU- Gueldenstein, BERNBURG- Herxheimer BRUNSWICK- Herzfeld EISENACH- Hess, MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN - Holdheim TREVES- J. Kahn

BRESLAU- M. Levy MUNSTERBERG- L. Loevy TEPLITZ- Pick MAGDEBURG - Philippson BINGEN- Sobernheim FRANKFURT A.m.- Stein MANNHEIM- Wagner OLDENBURG- Wechsler

30. Some rabbis were not permitted to attend by their governments. Ultimately the Orthodox objected vigorously to the decisions made and gathered signatures of colleagues from neighboring lands. Heinrich Graetz , Geschichte der Juden, Leipzig , 1878, Vol. 11, p. 534. See also.L.M. Jost, Geschichte.des Judenthums und seiner Sekten, Leipzig , 1859, Vol. 3, pp. 379 ff.

31. Louis Finkelstein , Jewish Self-Government in the Middle Ages, New York , 1964; Salo Wittmayer Baron , The Jewish Community, Philadelphia , 1945; Y. Baer, The Foundations and Beginnings of Jewish Organizations in the Middle Ages, Zion, Vol. 25, 1940; A. Agus,The Autonomous Rule of the Jewish Communities in the Middle Ages, Talpiot, 1951, Vol. 5; S. Dubnow, Pinkas Hamedinah, Jerusalem 1969; Samuel Atlas ,The General Will in Talmudic Jurisprudence, Hebrew Union College Annual , Vol. 26, 1955, pp. 1- 38. Records of such councils have not survived.

32. Let us take a brief look at the special function of the ancient great Sanhedrin The origins and the way in which the ancient great Sanhedrin functioned are not clear as the various sources contradict each other. This Sanhedrin as a religious and political institution seems to have functioned through the Hellenistic period, with its membership changing to reflect the struggle between Saducees and Pharisees Echoes of these struggles appear in the Mishnah , Tosefta, the Babliand Jerushalm!

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