Napoleon's Sanhedrin and the Halakhah 57

39. Suk. 27a; Yev. 15a, b; 44a; Justin Martyr , Dialogue 134, 141; in some instances the second wives lived in different cities(Yev. 37b; Yoma 18b). Earlier Josephus , Antiquities XVIII, 1,2. As polygamy was less common in the Land of Israel, it could be grounds for the first wife’s suit for divorce, but not in Babylonia (Yev. 65a).

40. J. Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire , Athens, 1939, p. 144.

41. Louis Epstein, Jewish Marriage Contract, New York , 1927, p.272; J. Mann, Texts and Studies, Cincinnati , 1931-38, Vol. 2, p. 177;.S.. D..Gottein,:4 Mediterranean Society, Berkley, vol. 3, p. 147.

42. The decree itself was lost long ago, but it has been cited by many early sources. M. Giidemann, Geschichte des Erziehungwesens, Vienna, 1888, Vol. 3, pp. 115­119.

43. Z.W. Falk, Jewish Matrimonial Law in the Middle Ages, Oxford, 1966, p. 1, pp. 24-34.

44, Neuman, The Jews of Spain, vol,. 2, p 52ff; Solomon ben Aderet , Responsa, I, 812, 1205; III, 446; IV 180, 257, 280.

45. Both yibbum and halitza are based on Deut. 25:5-10.

46. Shulhan Arukh, Even Haezer 1.10; Karo and Isserles differ; the commentaries cite numerous responsa on each side of the argument; Sefer Hassidim 284; Jacob Weil, Responsa 188.

47. Gen. 1.28;9.1,7; M. Yev. 6.6.

48. Tur Even Haezer 1.1 and Bet Yosef as well as other commentaries; Solomon Luria , Responsa 65.

49. R. Joel Tam or earlier according to L. Finkelstein , Jewish Self-Government in the Middle Ages, New York , 1924, pp. 20 ff.; Shulhan Arukh Even Haezer 1.10 and commentaries; Otzar Haposkim, Even Haezer 1.10# 61.

50. Tbid., pp. 29ff.