46 Walter Jacob

29 Moritz Gidemann, Geschichte des Erziehungswesens und der(“ultur der Juden in Deutschland Waehrend des XIV und XV Jahrhunderts, Vol. 3, pp. 173 ff. See also Baron , Op. Cit., p. 323, who reported that a the Lithuanian Council of 1623 adopted a resolution restricting itinerant poor to a single day in the community unless upon investigation local relatives were discovered. Later Councils adopted similar

ordinances

30. Alexander Philipsborn“The Jewish Hospital in Germany, ” Yearbook I}"of the Leo Baeck Institute ,(London: East West Library, 1959), Vol. 4, p. 186. The citation shows the development in various places through the centuries

31. Salo Baron , op. cit., pp. 330 f

32. Ibid, 335.

33. S. D. Goitein, A Mediterranean Society(Berkeley : University of California Press , 1971), Vol. II

34. Ibid. 101.

35. Ibid, 121 ff.

36. Ibid., 104.

37. Ibid., 130 ff.

38.. Ibid, 95.

39. Ibid, 132.

40. Inthe 1920s and early 1930s more than two million Polish Jews depended upon soup kitchens for their daily meals. World War I , the Holocaust , and the early years of the creation of Israel stretched the capacity of the world Jewish communities to their

limit. In the previous century persecution and pogroms along with the resettlement of millions of Jews in North and South America called for prodigious efforts.