Fighting in National Armies 59. Divrei Hayyim, Even Haezer, vol. 1.4; vol. 2:64. 60. Yehudah Yaalei vol. 2:16. . Shaarei Deah vol. 2:182. 2. K'’tav Sofer Even Haezer 32. 3. Even Haezer 51. .Maharam Schick ,# 175. 5. Mahanei Hayyim, Even Haezer, vol. 2:17.
66. A discussion of this and other related issues has been well summarized in Yitzhak Zeev Kahana, Mehakrim Bessafrut Hateshuvot, pp. 175-194.
67. For Austria-Hungary see Erwin A. Schmidl, Juden in der k.(u.) k. Armee , pp. 198 f. For Germany see Deutsche Juedische Soldaten, pp. 69 f. For the United States , see Hoenig“The Orthodox Rabbi as a Military Chaplain,” Tradition, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1976, pp. 35-60.
68. David Hoffman, Melamed Lehoil, New York , 1954, Vol. I,# 42, 43 69. Ismar Elbogen , 4 Century of Jewish Life, Philadelphia , 1944, pp. 454 ff.
70. Alexander Carlebach,“A German Rabbi goes East,” Year Book VI of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York , 1961, pp. 110 ff. This essay consists of a selection of letters from Rabbi Carlebach to his family during his stay in Warsaw from 1916 to 1918. He provides a vivid description of the condition of Polish Jewry and the many efforts of the German occupation forces to be helpful.
71. Mordecai Breuer , Modernity within Tradition, pp. 388 f. 72. Bertram Korn , American Jewry and the Civil War , Philadelphia , 1951, p. 68;
Jack D. Foner ,“Jews and the American Military from the Colonial Era to the Eve ofthe Civil War,” American Jewish Archives Journal, Vol. 52,No. 1-2, pp. 54-111.
73. Ibid., pp. 56-97. See also Harry Simonoff, Jewish Participants in the Civil War , New York , 1963, pp. 36 ff“The Orthodox Rabbi as a Military Chaplain,” Tradition, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1976, pp. 35-60.