on the other side, Prussian Jews were proud of their service in the Prussian army during the conflict with France .
27. Heinrich Graetz , Geschichte der Juden von den dltesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart, Leipzig , 1868, Vol. 11, pp. 273 ff.; Kobler p. 164.
28. Other views have been stated by Schwarzfuchs in his chapter is entitled“The Duped” and also by Berkovitz, Rites and Passages- The Beginnings of Modern Jewish Culture in France 1650-1860, Philadelphia , 2004..
29. Maslin p. 19. Article 7 of Napoleon’s note prohibited substitutes for Jewish conscripts, a practice widely use by the general population; it became law and was not changed until the decree of July 9, 1812.
30. Kobler, p. 140.
31. Kobler, pp. 147-148 quoting E. D. Pasquier, Memoires, p. 297.
32. Graetz provided biographical background of some of the leading members of the Assembly including Abraham Furtado , who presided, Rabbi Sintzheim who was the leading rabbinic figure as well as many other lay and rabbinic figures. Graetz , Vol. 11, pp. 259 ff.
33. Berkovitz, pp. 167ff.
34. Tama, pp. 133 ff.
35. Berkovitz, pp. 126ff. describes some halakhic background provided by rabbis, who participated in the deliberations or corresponded with those who did; these
were published many years later and not as justifications for the reponses to Napoleon.