Alan Sokobin

“Open adoption’ is one in which final judgment incorporates parties’ pre­adoption written agreement that the child will have continuing contact with one or more members of his or her biological family after adoption is com­peted.” New Jersey Div. of Youth and Family Servs. v. B.G.S., 677 A.2d 1170, 1177(1996).

Tammy M. Somogye, Opening Minds to Open Adoption, 45 Kan. L. Rev. 619 (1997).

U.S. Const . amend. X

John M. Stoxen, The Best of Both“Open” And“Closed” Adoption Worlds: A Call for the Reform of State Statutes, 13 Notre DAME J. LEGis. 292(1986)

Burton Z. Sokoloff, Antecedents of American Adoption, in 3 THe Future Or CHILDREN 17(Richard E. Behrman ed., 1993).

“Adoption has been characterized a status created by the state acting as parens patriae.” 2 AM. JUR. 2D Adoption§ 1( 1986).

All States had enacted adoption statutes by 1931. Stoxen, supra note 95, at 298.

Lisa Diane G., 537 A.2d 131, 132(R.I. 1988)

UNir. ADOPTION Act, 9 U.L.A. 15(1969).

“(2) all papers and records pertaining to the adoption whether part of the permanent record of the Court or of a file in the[I department of Welfare] or in an agency are subject to inspection only upon consent of the Court and all interested persons; or in exceptional cases, only upon an order of the Court for good cause shown; and(3) except as authorized in writing by the adop­

tive parent, the adopted child if[14] or more years of age, or upon order of

the court for good cause shown in exceptional cases, no person is required to disclose the name or identify of either an adoptive parent or an adopted child.” Id. at§ 16.

ALASKA STAT.§§ 25.23.005 to.240(Michie 1974); Ark. CODE ANN.§§9-9-201 to -224(Michie 1977); MonT. Cope ANN.§§ 40-8-101 to-202(1957); N.D. CENT. Cope§§ 14-15-01 to-23(1971); Onio Rev. Cope ANN.§§ 3107.01-.19(Banks­Baldwin 1995).

Joan Heifetz Hollinger, Ad ption Law, in 3 THE FUTURE OF CHILDREN, supra note 96, p. 43.

See 3 Ibid. p. 49.

See 3 Ibid. p. 50.

See Sokoloff, supra note 96, p. 21

Mansnerus, supra note 89

“The evidence for adoption in the Bible is so equivocal that some have denied that it was practiced in the biblical period.” Encyclopaedia Judaica , vol. 2, p. 298.

2 Ibid., p. 301.

Encyclopaedia Judaica , vol. 3, p. 217

M. Git. 5:4

“And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families.” Num 1:18 and Gunther Plaut , The Torah: A Modern Commentary, Union of Ameri­can Hebrew Congregations, New York , 1981, Num. 1:18:“And on the first day of the second month they convoked the whole community, who were

registered by the class of their ancestral houses.”