23

[Insert Table 4 here]

Comparing the culture and translation effects with the overall effect results in Table 3, it appears that the culture and translation effects cancel out for two expression pairs. CPAs assign a mean value of 91.75% to“virtually certain,” whereas WPs assign a significantly lower value of only 86.24% to that expression(evidence of a culture effect). Although WPs assign a mean value of 86.24% to“virtually certain,” they assıgn a significantly higher value of 91.87% to its translation“so gut wie sicher”(translation effect). The direction and magnitudes of the two effects offset such that there is no difference between the CPAs assessment of“virtually certain” (91.75%) and the WPs assessment of“so gut wie sicher”(91.87%). A similar phenomenon

arıses for the expression pair“remote/Wahrscheinlichkeit ausserst gering.”

To summarize, of the eight significant differences between CPA and WP/German responses(Table 3, Column 7), six are the result of a culture effect alone, but these six differences relate to only three different expressions(“expected,”“not probable,” and“no longer probable”). One difference is the result of a translation effect alone(“seriously in question/sehr zweifelhaft”), and one is the result of both culture and translation effects

(“assurance/Gewissheit””).

As noted earlier, several English expressions(“expected,”“probable,”“likely,” and“no longer probable”) were translated into German in two or three different ways. The comparison ofthe CPA and WP/German responses indicated no significant difference for either of the two dıfferent translations for“probable” and“likely” or for one of three translations of“no longer

probable.” On the other hand, the interpretation of two translations of“no longer probable”