time a clear and precise distinction between" Shevut" Prohibitions and acts categorized as" Ovadin De'chol". From this point on the Ran's distinction between the two types of Prohibition was accepted as halacha by those that came after him. The Ran's approach became paramount, it would seem, because Rabbi Yosef Karo quotes it in the Shulchan Aruch, and so discards the Ramban's halachic approach on this issue. The Ran's source in this is Rashi's commentary on the Talmud on the subject of rolling out dough, although in Rashi's commentary this distinction between" Shevut" and" Ovadin De'chol" is not sufficiently developed.

2.A. Rest from labor on the Sabbath and Yom- tov.- The idea that the Sabbath and Yom- tov is a day of rest from toil and fatigue of the weekday is found in the Aggadic sources. However, we found it necessary to investigate if this concept has halachic ramifications. Was hardship prohibited on the Sabbath and Yom- tov? If so, how is hardship that is forbidden defined?

An example of this question would seem to indicate that this consideration has no place in Halacha. The Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim( 319,4) forbids the removal of non- edibles from food even though the gathering of the food in certain instances involves much hardship and is time consuming. In contrast, there could be less hardship and time investment in gathering the non- edibles from food. Rashi and Tosafot explain that the reason it is permitted to remove food from non- edibles that this is different from the way it is done on weekdays. This leads us to a situation where at times in order to avoid performing one of the Melachoth a person is required to perform the Melacha with much toil so as to do it differently from the way it is done on weekdays and this makes the act permissible. This demonstrates that the guiding principle of forbidding Melachoth is not at all tied to physical toil and hardship.( This is not the Ramban's approach in his explaination of the subject and we have noted this in the body of our paper). This is shown in the Mishna where a Melacha that is

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