Shevut Prohibitions and their relationship to the category of

" Ovadin De'chol" Prohibitions

1.A. Nomenclature and applicability of Prohibitions: An investigation into the term " Shevut" in the halachic midrashim indicates: That in the Midrashim from the school of Rabbi Yishmael the term" Shevut" is used for Prohibitions that are not Melacha, however, in the Midrashim from the school of Rabbi Akiva it seems that the term " nav_jinɔv” does not refer to the" Shevut" Prohibitions but refers to acts that are actually Melachot. The term used for acts known as" Shevut" is termed

in" שבתון שבות" In contrast to this we do not find the term." מלאכה שאין חייבין עליה כרת"

the Midrashim of the school of Rabbi Yishmael.

In all these drashot including those of the school of Rabbi Yishmael, which deal directly, with the" Shevut" Prohibitions, it seems, in disagreement with H. Albeck's opinion, that we are dealing with pure Biblical Prohibitions, but one is not required to bring a sin offering when transgressing them. This does not agree with the later Babylonian opinion, which is based on Rabbi Shimon's opinion in the Mishna, that the " Shevut" Prohibitions include Rabbinic Prohibitions. In the Jerusalem Talmud can be found vestiges of the opinion that the" Shevut" Prohibitions are true Biblical

Prohibitions.

B. The" Shevut" Prohibitions listed in the halachic midrashim include: strenuous physical acts, acts which change the status of possessions, acts of court and acts related to commerce. The Mishna shows a new set of" Shevut" Prohibitions( according to the rabbis who disagree with Rabbi Eliezer): Melachot that are performed not in the usual manner. And in the Tosefta we can find as a" Shevut" even acts that were done " Tiyɔwɔn Nino". The distinction between Prohibitions which are forbidden on the Sabbath because of Melacha and the prohibitions which are forbidden by the Torah

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